Part I — Foundations
Satoshi → Hal Finney, 275 bytes parsed byte by byte. Version, inputs, outputs, locktime.
Bitcoin's stack-based VM. Opcodes, evaluation model, Script as predicate.
SHA-256d, sighash preimages, ECDSA, DER encoding, SIGHASH flags, ANYONECANPAY.
Part II — The Classic Era (2009–2017)
The original output type. Exposed keys, quantum implications, Genesis Block.
The "1-address" revolution. Hash160, Base58Check, the quantum firewall.
BIP 16, "3-addresses," redeem scripts, two-phase evaluation.
OP_CHECKMULTISIG, the off-by-one bug, m-of-n combinations.
Part III — The SegWit Revolution (2017–2021)
Malleability, marker/flag bytes, weight vs size vs vsize.
bc1q addresses, empty scriptSig, Bech32 encoding.
Witness scripts, P2WSH multisig, the witness stack.
Part IV — The Taproot Era (2021–present)
BIP 340/341/342, 64-byte Schnorr sigs, x-only keys, key path spending.
Merkle tree of scripts, control blocks, TapLeaf and TapBranch.
Part V — Special Transactions
Null input, block height, witness commitment, mining pool tags.
Provably unspendable outputs, 80-byte data limit.
nLockTime, CLTV, CSV, relative timelocks, HTLCs.
Replace-by-fee, child-pays-for-parent, TRUC transactions, package relay.
Part VI — Protocol Layer Transactions
Funding, commitment, HTLC, cooperative close, force close, penalty.
Ordinal theory, the envelope protocol, commit/reveal, inscription #0.
Runestones, LEB128, etching, minting, edicts, cenotaphs.